Respiratory Anatomy & Physiology

The respiratory system, composed of upper and lower tracts, facilitates gas exchange. During inhalation, the diaphragm and intercostal muscles expand the lungs, drawing in oxygen. In exhalation, these muscles relax, expelling carbon dioxide. Oxygen diffuses from alveoli to capillaries, while carbon dioxide moves in reverse. The brainstem's respiratory center regulates breathing. Impaired function can lead to conditions like asthma and COPD, affecting gas exchange and overall health.

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